Witness

Makgothi Samuel Thobakgale

National Commissioner, Department of Correctional Services · Pretoria

Testified

The head of South Africa's prisons service, and the witness who took the commission inside them. On 17 September 2026, the commission's first anniversary, Makgothi Samuel Thobakgale described the Number gangs and the street gangs that feed them, officials groomed with small favours, members whose role is to eliminate witnesses, and an inmate who says officers told him to escape from Rooigrond Maximum Correctional Centre or be killed. He also told the commission that Thabo Bester had repeatedly tried to see him alone. He gave evidence as the head of an institution describing its own weaknesses; he is not accused of wrongdoing.

Makgothi ThobakgaleDepartment of Correctional Servicesprison gangsRooigrondThabo BesterMadlanga Commission

This profile summarises testimony and evidence given on the public record before the Madlanga Commission of Inquiry. It restates allegations as presented at the hearings and is not a finding of guilt, liability, or wrongdoing by any person.

Awaiting appearanceNo portrait on the public record yet

Key disclosures

Evidence and allegations

Prisons as nodes in organised crime

The Number gangs, the street gangs, and the channels between inside and outside.

Per IOL and EWN, Thobakgale described the 26s, 27s and 28s, whose origins he traced back more than a century to mining communities. Per IOL the 26s concentrate on money, the 27s on violence, and the 28s divide into a gold line that fights and a silver line that supports. Per eNCA, offenders arrive already tied to street gangs such as the Americans and the Hard Livings and keep those ties, so that correctional centres 'become strategic nodes within broader organised crime networks rather than isolated institutions'. Per IOL: 'While incarceration removes offenders from society and seeks to protect the public, it does not automatically extinguish criminal intent or criminal associations or criminal activity for that matter.'

How officials are turned

A cigarette first, then familiarity, then bribery, and extortion when bribery fails.

Per EWN: 'The process typically begins with minor requests and favors, for example, sharing a cigarette, and escalates to personal conversations designed to establish familiarity.' EWN reported that gangs infiltrate the department through bribery and turn to extortion where that fails, and that a gang known as the 'air force' specialises in escapes. Per IOL and MDNtv he said some gang structures include members whose role is to eliminate witnesses. No official was named.

The Rooigrond escape

An inmate's account that officers told him to leave or be killed, so he would stop naming them.

Edward Khomotso Madiba escaped from Rooigrond Maximum Correctional Centre near Mahikeng on 6 September 2026 and was rearrested three days later in Brits; eight officials have been suspended, per The Citizen and TimesLIVE. Thobakgale told the commission that Madiba, who had been naming officers in court proceedings over an earlier 2022 escape, said officers approached him with the words, per TimesLIVE, 'it's either you leave or we are going to kill you'. He said officers wrote a misleading incident report, and per EWN: 'The weakness of the system is that we focus on recapturing them. We don't focus on the reason for the escape.' The account is the inmate's, relayed by the commissioner, and untested. No officer has been named and the suspended officials are presumed innocent.

Thabo Bester's approaches

Repeated attempts to see the national commissioner alone, each referred to the formal process.

Per Briefly and The Citizen, Thobakgale said: 'I can give an example of inmate Thabo Bester, who has tried a number of times to get my attention alone', and that he always referred Bester to the complaints and requests process, with his head of security present. Justice Madlanga observed, per The Citizen, that 'Inmates that wield a lot of influence [and] have lots of money could target even the national commissioner.' There is no allegation that any approach succeeded.

Timeline

How the account unfolded

8 Sep 2026

Takes the Rooigrond escape investigation to his own office

Two days after Edward Madiba escaped from Rooigrond Maximum Correctional Centre, Thobakgale said per SABC News that the lock appeared to have been cut from outside with an electronic tool, that the inmate had not acted alone, and that investigators reporting directly to him, not the region, would run the investigation.

17 Sep 2026

Gives evidence on prison gangs and the infiltration of Correctional Services

Day 175, the commission's first anniversary. Thobakgale describes the Number gangs and their links to street gangs, the grooming of officials, an inmate's account that officers threatened him into escaping, and Thabo Bester's repeated attempts to see him alone.

On the stand

Appears on 1 hearing day

  1. Day 17517 Sep 2026
The weakness of the system is that we focus on recapturing them. We don't focus on the reason for the escape.
Makgothi Thobakgale, National Commissioner of Correctional Services, to the Madlanga Commission on Day 175, 17 September 2026, per EWN, on the department's response to escapes.